Handover optimization based on ue mobility prediction

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE. The UE may transmit an indication of the one or more candidate base stations to a serving base station. Numerous other aspects are provided.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/949,028, filed Oct. 9, 2020, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication and to techniques and apparatuses for handoveroptimization based at least in part on a user equipment (UE) mobilityprediction.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, and/or the like). Examples of such multiple-accesstechnologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multipleaccess (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multipleaccess (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BS s) that cansupport communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A userequipment (UE) may communicate with a base station (BS) via the downlinkand uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communicationlink from the BS to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers tothe communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described inmore detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, anaccess point (AP), a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a NewRadio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, and/or the like.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent user equipment to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. New Radio (NR), which may also bereferred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standardpromulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR isdesigned to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improvingspectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use ofnew spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards usingorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix(CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g.,also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) onthe uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. Asthe demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, furtherimprovements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remainuseful.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) includes determining one or more candidate base stationsfor a handover procedure for the UE; and transmitting, in a radioresource control (RRC) communication, an indication of the one or morecandidate base stations to a serving base station.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a UEincludes transmitting, to a serving base station, a communication thatincludes an indication of respective probabilities, based at least inpart on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UE will encountereach of one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedure forthe UE, an indication of respective timings, based at least in part onthe mobility prediction, for adding each of the one or more candidatebase stations to a target base station list associated with the UE, anda measurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations; and receiving, from the serving base station and based atleast in part on transmitting the communication, an indication of one ormore target base stations for the handover procedure for the UE, whereinthe one or more target base stations are included among the one or morecandidate base stations.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by aserving base station includes receiving, from a UE, An RRC communicationindicating one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedurefor the UE; and transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or moretarget base stations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein theone or more target base stations are included among the one or morecandidate base stations.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by aserving base station includes receiving, from a UE, a communication thatincludes an indication of respective probabilities, based at least inpart on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UE will encountereach of one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedure forthe UE, an indication of respective timings, based at least in part onthe mobility prediction, for adding each of the one or more candidatebase stations to a target base station list associated with the UE, anda measurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations; and transmitting, to the UE and based at least in part onreceiving the communication, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations.

In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes a memory andone or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory andthe one or more processors configured to determine one or more candidatebase stations for a handover procedure for the UE; and transmit, in AnRRC communication, an indication of the one or more candidate basestations to a serving base station.

In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes a memory andone or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory andthe one or more processors configured to transmit, to a serving basestation, a communication that includes an indication of respectiveprobabilities, based at least in part on a mobility prediction for theUE, that the UE will encounter each of one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE, an indication ofrespective timings, based at least in part on the mobility prediction,for adding each of the one or more candidate base stations to a targetbase station list associated with the UE, and a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations; and receive,from the serving base station and based at least in part on transmittingthe communication, an indication of one or more target base stations forthe handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or more target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations.

In some aspects, a serving base station for wireless communicationincludes a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to thememory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to receive,from a UE, An RRC communication indicating one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE; and transmit, to the UE,an indication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the UE, wherein the one or more target base stations areincluded among the one or more candidate base stations.

In some aspects, a serving base station for wireless communicationincludes a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to thememory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to receive,from a UE, a communication that includes an indication of respectiveprobabilities, based at least in part on a mobility prediction for theUE, that the UE will encounter each of one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE, an indication ofrespective timings, based at least in part on the mobility prediction,for adding each of the one or more candidate base stations to a targetbase station list associated with the UE, and a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations; and transmit,to the UE and based at least in part on receiving the communication, anindication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the UE, wherein the one or more target base stations areincluded among the one or more candidate base stations.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a setof instructions for wireless communication includes one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE,cause the UE to determine one or more candidate base stations for ahandover procedure for the UE; and transmit, in An RRC communication, anindication of the one or more candidate base stations to a serving basestation.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a setof instructions for wireless communication includes one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE,cause the UE to transmit, to a serving base station, a communicationthat includes an indication of respective probabilities, based at leastin part on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UE will encountereach of one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedure forthe UE, an indication of respective timings, based at least in part onthe mobility prediction, for adding each of the one or more candidatebase stations to a target base station list associated with the UE, anda measurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations; and receive, from the serving base station and based at leastin part on transmitting the communication, an indication of one or moretarget base stations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein theone or more target base stations are included among the one or morecandidate base stations.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a setof instructions for wireless communication includes one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a servingbase station, cause the serving base station to receive, from a UE, AnRRC communication indicating one or more candidate base stations for ahandover procedure for the UE; and transmit, to the UE, an indication ofone or more target base stations for the handover procedure for the UE,wherein the one or more target base stations are included among the oneor more candidate base stations.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a setof instructions for wireless communication includes one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a servingbase station, cause the serving base station to receive, from a UE, acommunication that includes an indication of respective probabilities,based at least in part on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UEwill encounter each of one or more candidate base stations for ahandover procedure for the UE, an indication of respective timings,based at least in part on the mobility prediction, for adding each ofthe one or more candidate base stations to a target base station listassociated with the UE, and a measurement report associated with the oneor more candidate base stations; and transmit, to the UE and based atleast in part on receiving the communication, an indication of one ormore target base stations for the handover procedure for the UE, whereinthe one or more target base stations are included among the one or morecandidate base stations.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes meansfor determining one or more candidate base stations for a handoverprocedure for the apparatus; and means for transmitting, in An RRCcommunication, an indication of the one or more candidate base stationsto a serving base station.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes meansfor transmitting, to a serving base station, a communication thatincludes an indication of respective probabilities, based at least inpart on a mobility prediction for the apparatus, that the apparatus willencounter each of one or more candidate base stations for a handoverprocedure for the apparatus, an indication of respective timings, basedat least in part on the mobility prediction, for adding each of the oneor more candidate base stations to a target base station list associatedwith the apparatus, and a measurement report associated with the one ormore candidate base stations; and means for receiving, from the servingbase station and based at least in part on transmitting thecommunication, an indication of one or more target base stations for thehandover procedure for the apparatus, wherein the one or more targetbase stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes meansfor receiving, from a UE, An RRC communication indicating one or morecandidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE; and meansfor transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes meansfor receiving, from a UE, a communication that includes an indication ofrespective probabilities, based at least in part on a mobilityprediction for the UE, that the UE will encounter each of one or morecandidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE, anindication of respective timings, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, for adding each of the one or more candidate base stationsto a target base station list associated with the UE, and a measurementreport associated with the one or more candidate base stations; andmeans for transmitting, to the UE and based at least in part onreceiving the communication, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, basestation, wireless communication device, and/or processing system assubstantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated bythe drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposesof illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can beunderstood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarizedabove, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustratedin the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appendeddrawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure andare therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for thedescription may admit to other equally effective aspects. The samereference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station incommunication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a handover procedure forhandover of a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating examples associated withhandover optimization based at least in part on a UE mobilityprediction, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 6-9 are diagrams illustrating example processes associated withhandover optimization based at least in part on a UE mobilityprediction, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 10-13 are block diagrams of example apparatuses for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafterwith reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may,however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construedas limited to any specific structure or function presented throughoutthis disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey thescope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on theteachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that thescope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of thedisclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of orcombined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, anapparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using anynumber of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of thedisclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which ispracticed using other structure, functionality, or structure andfunctionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of thedisclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect ofthe disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elementsof a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses andtechniques will be described in the following detailed description andillustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules,components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, and/or the like(collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may beimplemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whethersuch elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem.

It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein usingterminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology(RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs,such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100,in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Thewireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (NR)network, an LTE network, and/or the like. The wireless network 100 mayinclude a number of base stations 110 (shown as BS 110 a, BS 110 b, BS110 c, and BS 110 d) and other network entities. A base station (BS) isan entity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also bereferred to as an NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G node B (NB), an accesspoint, a transmit receive point (TRP), and/or the like. Each BS mayprovide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BSsubsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in whichthe term is used.

A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. Apico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell maycover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allowrestricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g.,UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as apico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , a BS 110 a may be a macro BSfor a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. A BS maysupport one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “basestation”, “NR BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” maybe used interchangeably herein.

In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of amobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to one anotherand/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in thewireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces suchas a direct physical connection, a virtual network, and/or the likeusing any suitable transport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station isan entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstreamstation (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to adownstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be aUE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown inFIG. 1 , a relay BS 110 d may communicate with macro BS 110 a and a UE120 d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE 120d. A relay BS may also be referred to as a relay station, a relay basestation, a relay, and/or the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs ofdifferent types, e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, and/orthe like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit powerlevels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interferencein wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmitpower level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relayBSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may providecoordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 maycommunicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicatewith one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless orwireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wirelessnetwork 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also bereferred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, a station, and/or the like. A UE may be a cellularphone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), awireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, alaptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station,a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, anultrabook, a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices,wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smartwrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), anentertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satelliteradio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors,industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device,or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via awireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolvedor enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEsinclude, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters,monitors, location tags, and/or the like, that may communicate with abase station, another device (e.g., remote device), or some otherentity. A wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or toa network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellularnetwork) via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may beconsidered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implementedas NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may beconsidered a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be includedinside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processorcomponents, memory components, and/or the like. In some aspects, theprocessor components and the memory components may be coupled together.For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) andthe memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled,communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, electrically coupled,and/or the like.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a givengeographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT andmay operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to asa radio technology, an air interface, and/or the like. A frequency mayalso be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, and/or the like.Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area inorder to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g.,without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate withone another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate usingpeer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D)communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which mayinclude a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) protocol, and/or the like), a mesh network, and/or the like. Inthis case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resourceselection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere hereinas being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using theelectromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based on frequency orwavelength into various classes, bands, channels, and/or the like. Forexample, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using anoperating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may span from410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operating bandhaving a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25 GHz to52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred toas mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 isoften referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being differentfrom the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which isidentified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a“millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically stated otherwise, itshould be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if usedherein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencieswithin FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz).Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understoodthat the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadlyrepresent frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2,and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It iscontemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 may bemodified, and techniques described herein are applicable to thosemodified frequency ranges.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 incommunication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordancewith various aspects of the present disclosure. Base station 110 may beequipped with T antennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE 120 may be equippedwith R antennas 252 a through 252 r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from adata source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation andcoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channelquality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encodeand modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s)selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitprocessor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-staticresource partitioning information (SRPI) and/or the like) and controlinformation (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, and/orthe like) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitprocessor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals(e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a demodulation referencesignal (DMRS), and/or the like) and synchronization signals (e.g., theprimary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronizationsignal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on thedata symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or thereference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbolstreams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through 232 t. Each modulator 232may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM and/or thelike) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may furtherprocess (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) theoutput sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signalsfrom modulators 232 a through 232 t may be transmitted via T antennas234 a through 234 t, respectively.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signalsfrom base station 110 and/or other base stations and may providereceived signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r,respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify,downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., forOFDM and/or the like) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r,perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, andprovide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g.,demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information andsystem information to a controller/processor 280. The term“controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or moreprocessors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determinereference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channelquality indicator (CQI), and/or the like. In some aspects, one or morecomponents of UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.

As further shown in FIG. 2 , UE 120 may include one or more sensors 286.Sensor(s) 286 may include an optical sensor that has a field of view inwhich sensor(s) 286 may determine one or more characteristics of anenvironment of the UE 120, may include a camera, may includemagnetometer (e.g., a Hall effect sensor, an anisotropicmagneto-resistive (AMR) sensor, a giant magneto-resistive sensor (GMR),and/or the like), a location sensor (e.g., a global positioning system(GPS) receiver, a local positioning system (LPS) device (e. g, that usestriangulation, multi-lateration, etc.), and/or the like), a gyroscope(e. g., a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope or a similartype of device), an accelerometer, a speed sensor, a motion sensor, aninfrared sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or thelike. In some aspects, sensor(s) 286 may generate various types ofsensor data, such as positioning data, location data, movement and/ormobility data, orientation data, and/or other types of sensor data. Insome aspects, the UE 120 may use the sensor data to perform a mobilityprediction for the UE 120, as described herein. In some aspects, one ormore components of UE 120 may be included in a housing 284, mounted toor installed on the housing 284, and/or the like.

Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294,controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 mayinclude, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Networkcontroller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communicationunit 294.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and/or the like) fromcontroller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromtransmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g.,for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and/or the like), and transmitted to basestation 110. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. Thetransceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modulatorsand/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258,transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceivermay be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 280) and memory282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein, forexample, as described with reference to FIGS. 4-9 .

At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may bereceived by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate tonetwork controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 mayinclude a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplinkcommunications. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes atransceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s)234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. Thetransceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240)and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods describedherein, for example, as described with reference to FIGS. 4-9 .

Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one ormore techniques associated with handover optimization based at least inpart on a UE mobility prediction, as described in more detail elsewhereherein. For example, controller/processor 240 of base station 110,controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 600 ofFIG. 6 , process 700 of FIG. 7 , process 800 of FIG. 8 , process 900 ofFIG. 9 , and/or other processes as described herein. Memories 242 and282 may store data and program codes for base station 110 and UE 120,respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and/or memory 282 may includea non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or moreinstructions (e.g., code, program code, and/or the like) for wirelesscommunication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed(e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, interpreting, and/orthe like) by one or more processors of the base station 110 and/or theUE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or thebase station 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example,process 600 of FIG. 6 , process 700 of FIG. 7 , process 800 of FIG. 8 ,process 900 of FIG. 9 , and/or other processes as described herein. Insome aspects, executing instructions may include running theinstructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions,interpreting the instructions, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for determining one or morecandidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE; and/ormeans for transmitting, in An RRC communication, an indication of theone or more candidate base stations to a serving base station. The meansfor the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, forexample, antenna 252, demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receiveprocessor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modulator254, controller/processor 280, and/or memory 282. In some aspects, theUE 120 includes means for determining the one or more candidate basestations based at least in part on a mobility prediction for the UE 120.In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for transmitting theindication of the one or more candidate base stations to the servingbase station based at least in part on determining that respectiveprobabilities, based at least in part on the mobility prediction, thatthe UE 120 will encounter each of the one or more candidate basestations satisfy a probability threshold. In some aspects, the UE 120includes means for transmitting, to the serving base station, anindication of a UE capability associated with the UE 120; and/or meansfor receiving, based at least in part on the UE capability, anindication of the probability threshold from the serving base station.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for transmitting, to theserving base station, an indication that the mobility prediction for theUE 120 is available; means for receiving, from the serving base stationand based at least in part on transmitting the indication that themobility prediction for the UE 120 is available, an indication totransmit the mobility prediction for the UE 120 to the serving basestation; and/or means for transmitting, to the serving base station andbased at least in part on receiving the indication to transmit themobility prediction for the UE 120, an indication of the mobilityprediction for the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes meansfor updating the indication of the mobility prediction for the UE 120based at least in part on a particular time interval indicated by theserving base station.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for determining a singlecandidate base station based at least in part on at least one of one ormore signal measurements for the single candidate base station, or acell coverage parameter for the single candidate base station with anindication of the UE mobility prediction. In some aspects, the UE 120includes means for receiving, from the serving base station, anindication of a plurality of target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the UE 230, and means for identifying a target basestation of the plurality of target base stations based at least in parton a probability that the UE 120 will encounter the target base station.In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving the indicationof the plurality of target base stations based at least in part onrespective probabilities that the UE 120 will encounter each of theplurality of target base stations satisfying a probability threshold.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for determining one or moreparameters for the handover procedure for the UE 120 based at least inpart on the probability. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means forreceiving, from the serving base station, an indication of a target basestation for the handover procedure for the UE 120, means for determiningthat a first probability that the UE will encounter the target basestation is less than a second probability that the UE 120 will encounteranother candidate base station of the one or more candidate basestations; and/or means for refraining from performing the handoverprocedure with the target base station based at least in part ondetermining that the first probability is less than the secondprobability.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for transmitting, to theserving base station, a measurement report associated with the one ormore candidate base stations; and/or means for receiving, from theserving base station, an indication of one or more target base stationsfor the handover procedure for the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120includes means for transmitting the measurement report based at least inpart on a particular time interval indicated by the serving basestation. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for updating, at aparticular time interval, the indication of the one or more candidatebase stations prior to reception of a radio resource control (RRC)reconfiguration communication.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for transmitting, to aserving base station, a communication that includes: an indication ofrespective probabilities, based at least in part on a mobilityprediction for the UE 120, that the UE 120 will encounter each of one ormore candidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE 120, anindication of respective timings, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, for adding each of the one or more candidate base stationsto a target base station list associated with the UE 120, and ameasurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations; and/or means for receiving, from the serving base station andbased at least in part on transmitting the communication, an indicationof one or more target base stations for the handover procedure for theUE 120, wherein the one or more target base stations are included amongthe one or more candidate base stations. The means for the UE 120 toperform operations described herein may include, for example, antenna252, demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmitprocessor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modulator 254,controller/processor 280, and/or memory 282.

In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving, from theserving base station, an indication of one or more handover parameters,for the handover procedure for the UE 120, that are based at least inpart on at least one of the respective probabilities, the respectivetimings, the measurement report, or an outcome of a previous handoverprocedure for the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means fortransmitting the communication based at least in part on a timeinterval, indicated by the serving base station, for a measurementreport.

In some aspects, the base station 110 includes means for receiving, froma UE, An RRC communication indicating one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE; and/or means fortransmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations. The means for the base station 110 to perform operationsdescribed herein may include, for example, transmit processor 220, TXMIMO processor 230, modulator 232, antenna 234, demodulator 232, MIMOdetector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, memory242, and/or scheduler 246.

In some aspects, the base station 110 includes means for receiving, fromthe UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with the UE; and/ormeans for transmitting, based at least in part on the UE capability, anindication of a probability threshold, means for receiving the RRCcommunication based at least in part on respective probabilities, thatthe UE will encounter each of the one or more candidate base stations,satisfying the probability threshold. In some aspects, the base station110 includes means for receiving, from the UE, a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations; and/or meansfor determining the one or more target base stations based at least inpart on at least one of the indication of the one or more candidate basestations, or the measurement report.

In some aspects, the base station 110 includes means for transmitting,to the UE, an indication of a particular time interval for transmittingthe measurement report; and/or means for receiving the measurementreport based at least in part on the particular time interval. In someaspects, the base station 110 includes means for receiving, from the UE,an indication that the mobility prediction for the UE is available;means for transmitting, to the UE and based at least in part onreceiving the indication that the mobility prediction for the UE isavailable, an indication to transmit the mobility prediction for the UEto the serving base station; and/or means for receiving, from the UE andbased at least in part on receiving the indication to transmit themobility prediction for the UE, an indication of the mobility predictionfor the UE.

In some aspects, the base station 110 includes means for receiving, froma UE, a communication that includes an indication of respectiveprobabilities, based at least in part on a mobility prediction for theUE, that the UE will encounter each of one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE, an indication ofrespective timings, based at least in part on the mobility prediction,for adding each of the one or more candidate base stations to a targetbase station list associated with the UE, and a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations; and/or meansfor transmitting, to the UE and based at least in part on receiving thecommunication, an indication of one or more target base stations for thehandover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or more target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations. Themeans for the base station 110 to perform operations described hereinmay include, for example, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230,modulator 232, antenna 234, demodulator 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or scheduler246.

In some aspects, the base station 110 includes means for determining oneor more handover parameters, for the handover procedure for the UE, thatare based at least in part on at least one of: means for transmitting anindication of the one or more handover parameters to the UE. In someaspects, the base station 110 includes means for receiving thecommunication based at least in part on a time interval for ameasurement report.

While blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, thefunctions described above with respect to the blocks may be implementedin a single hardware, software, or combination component or in variouscombinations of components. For example, the functions described withrespect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/orthe TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control ofcontroller/processor 280.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 2 .

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of a handover procedurefor handover of a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. In particular, example 300 may be an example of aconditional handover, where the UE is configured with one or more targetbase stations and one or more handover conditions which, when satisfied,the UE is to execute the handover. In some aspects, a UE may beconfigured to perform other types of handover procedures, such as alegacy handover procedure (where the UE is to execute a handover basedat least in part on being configured with a target base station), amake-before-break handover, a dual active protocol stack (DAPS)handover, and/or other types of handover procedures.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the handover procedure may involve a UE 305, aserving base station 310, one or more target base stations 315 (e.g.,target base station 315 a, target base station 315 b), a user planefunction (UPF) device 320, and an access and mobility managementfunction (AMF) device 325. The UE 305 may correspond to the UE 120described elsewhere herein. The serving base station 310 and/or thetarget base station(s) 315 may correspond to the base station 110described elsewhere herein. The UPF device 320 and/or the AMF device 325may correspond to the network controller 130 described elsewhere herein.The UE 305 and the serving base station 310 may be connected (e.g., mayhave an RRC connection) via a serving cell, and the UE 305 may undergo ahandover to a target base station 315 via a target cell. The UPF device320 and/or the AMF device 325 may be located within a core network suchas a 5G core (5GC). The serving base station 310 and the target basestation(s) 315 may be in communication with the core network formobility support and user plane functions.

As shown, the handover procedure may include a handover preparationphase 330, a handover execution phase 335, and a handover completionphase 340. During the handover preparation phase 330, the UE 305 mayreport measurements that cause the serving base station 310 and/or thetarget base station(s) 315 to prepare for handover and trigger executionof the handover. During the handover execution phase 335, the UE 305 mayexecute the handover by performing a random access procedure with atarget base station 315 and establishing an RRC connection with thetarget base station 315. During the handover completion phase 340, theserving base station 310 may forward stored communications associatedwith the UE 305 to the target base station 315, and the UE 305 may bereleased from a connection with the serving base station 310.

As shown by reference number 345, the UE 305 may perform one or moremeasurements, and may transmit a measurement report to the serving basestation 310 based at least in part on performing the one or moremeasurements (e.g., serving cell measurements, neighbor cellmeasurements, and/or the like). The measurement report may indicate, forexample, an RSRP parameter, an RSRQ parameter, an RSSI parameter, asignal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) parameter, and/or thelike (e.g., for the serving cell, one or more neighbor cells, and/or thelike). The serving base station 310 may use the measurement report todetermine whether to configure the UE 305 in preparation for a handoverof the UE to the target base station(s) 315. For example, if one or moremeasurements satisfy a condition, then the serving base station 310 mayconfigure the UE 305 for handover to the target base station(s) 315.

As shown by reference number 350, the serving base station 310 and thetarget base station(s) 315 may communicate with one another to preparefor a handover of the UE 305. As part of the handover preparation, theserving base station 310 may transmit a handover request to each of thetarget base station(s) 315 to instruct the target base station(s) 315 toprepare for the handover. The serving base station 310 may communicateRRC context information associated with the UE 305 and/or configurationinformation associated with the UE 305 to the target base station(s)315. The target base station 315 may prepare for the handover byreserving resources for the UE 305. After reserving the resources, thetarget base station(s) 315 may transmit an acknowledgement (ACK) to theserving base station 310 in response to the handover request.

As shown by reference number 355, the serving base station 310 maytransmit an RRC reconfiguration communication to the UE 305. The RRCreconfiguration communication may include conditional handoverinformation. In some aspects, the conditional handover information isincluded in a conditional handover (CHO) configuration. The conditionalhandover information may identify the target base station(s) 315 (e.g.,may include cell identifiers or other types of base station identifiersassociated with the target base station(s) 315), may identify one ormore handover conditions for handover of the UE 305 (e.g., one or moreconditional thresholds, such as signal measurement thresholds for thetarget base station(s) 315, signal measurement thresholds for theserving base station 310, and/or other conditional thresholds), and/orother types of conditional handover information. The handover commandmay include additional information associated with the target basestation(s) 315, such as a random access channel (RACH) preambleassignment for accessing the target base station(s) 315. As shown byreference number 360, the UE 305 may transmit an RRC reconfigurationcomplete communication to the source base station 310 to acknowledge theRRC reconfiguration communication.

As shown by reference number 365, during the handover execution phase335 of the handover procedure, the UE 305 may determine that a handovercondition indicated in the RRC reconfiguration communication for atarget base station 315 (e.g., target base station 315 a) is satisfied.This may be referred to as a conditional handover event. As shown byreference number 370, the UE 305 may execute the handover to the targetbase station 315 a based at least in part on the handover conditionbeing satisfied for the target base station 315 a. The UE 305 mayexecute the handover by performing a random access procedure with thetarget base station 315 a (e.g., including synchronization with thetarget base station 315 a).

As shown by reference number 375, upon successfully establishing aconnection with the target base station 315 a (e.g., via a random accessprocedure), the UE 305 may transmit an RRC reconfiguration completioncommunication to the target base station 315 a. Reception of the RRCreconfiguration communication by the target base station 315 a maytrigger the start of the handover completion phase 340.

As shown by reference number 380, the serving base station 310 and thetarget base station 315 a may communicate with one another to preparefor release of the connection between the serving base station 310 andthe UE 305. In some aspects, the target base station 315 a may determinethat a connection between the serving base station 310 and the UE 305 isto be released, such as after receiving the RRC reconfigurationcommunication from the UE 305. In this case, the target base station 315a may transmit a handover connection setup completion communication tothe serving base station 310, indicating that the handover of the UE 305to the target base station 315 a was successful. The handover connectionsetup completion communication may cause the serving base station 310 tostop transmitting data to the UE 305 and/or to stop receiving data fromthe UE 305. Additionally, or alternatively, the handover connectionsetup completion communication may cause the serving base station 310 toforward communications associated with the UE 305 to the target basestation 315 a and/or to notify the target base station 315 a of a statusof one or more communications with the UE 305. For example, the servingbase station 310 may forward, to the target base station 315 a, buffereddownlink communications (e.g., downlink data) for the UE 305 and/oruplink communications (e.g., uplink data) received from the UE 305.Additionally, or alternatively, the serving base station 310 may notifythe target base station 315 a regarding a packet data convergenceprotocol (PDCP) status associated with the UE 305, a sequence number tobe used for a downlink communication with the UE 305, and/or the like.

As shown by reference number 385, the serving base station 310 maytransmit an indication to the other target base station(s) 315 (e.g.,target base station 315 b) to cancel the handover with the UE 305. Asshown by reference number 390, the target base station 315 a, the UPFdevice 320, and/or the AMF device 325 may communicate to switch a userplane path of the UE 305 from the serving base station 310 to the targetbase station 315 a. Prior to switching the user plane path, downlinkcommunications for the UE 305 may be routed through the core network tothe serving base station 310. After the user plane path is switched,downlink communications for the UE 305 may be routed through the corenetwork to the target base station 315 a. Upon completing the switch ofthe user plane path, the AMF device 325 may transmit an end markercommunication to the serving base station 310 to signal completion ofthe user plane path switch. As shown by reference number 395, the targetbase station 315 a and the serving base station 310 may communicate torelease the serving base station 310.

As indicated above, FIG. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 3 .

In some cases, mobility of a UE may affect the handover performance of aUE. For example, a serving base station may not know whether the UE willtravel along a path of travel in the same direction or whether the UEmight deviate from the path of travel to travel in another direction. Inthese cases, mobility-related failures can occur for the UE, such as aradio link failure due to the UE being handed over to a target basestation that is not along the path of travel of the UE, or due to ahandover procedure for the UE being initiated too late. Moreover, the UEmay be handed over too early due to mobility of the UE, therebyincreasing a quantity of handover procedures for the UE, which increasesthe consumption of processing resources, memory resources, batteryresources, and/or radio resources for the UE.

Some aspects described herein provide techniques for handoveroptimization based at least in part on a UE mobility prediction. In someaspects, a UE may determine one or more candidate base stations forhandover of the UE based at least in part on a mobility predictiondetermined by the UE. The mobility prediction may indicate whether theUE is likely to move in and/or through one or more neighboring cells,may indicate an expected arrival time at one or more neighboring cells,may indicate a duration of time that the UE is likely to be in one ormore neighboring cells, and/or other predicted or estimated indicatorsof mobility of the UE. In this way, the UE may provide a more accuratelist of candidate base stations (and/or mobility prediction informationassociated with the candidate base stations) to the serving base stationof the UE, which may reduce the likelihood that the serving base stationwill configure a handover of the UE too early or too late, and/or mayreduce the likelihood that the serving base station will configure atarget base station for the handover of the UE that may result in a lossof service for the UE.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 associated with handoveroptimization based at least in part on a UE mobility prediction, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 4 , example 400 includes a UE 120 and one or more base stations 110(e.g., base station 110 a, base station 110 b, base station 110 c, basestation 110 d, and/or the like). In some aspects, the base stations 110and the UE 120 may be included in a wireless network, such as wirelessnetwork 100. The base stations 110 and the UE 120 may communicate on awireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink.

The base stations 110 may each provide a cell in which wirelesscommunication devices (e.g., UEs) may be served with access to thewireless network. For example, the base station 110 a may provide cell1, the base station 110 b may provide cell 2, the base station 110 c mayprovide cell 3, the base station 110 d may provide cell 4, and so on.Cells 1-3 may be neighboring cells or cells that are not serving the UE120. Cell 4 may be a serving cell of the UE 120, in which case the basestation 110 d is the serving base station of the UE 120.

As shown in FIG. 4 , and by reference number 402, the UE 120 maydetermine a mobility prediction for the UE 120. The mobility predictionmay be a prediction or estimation of an expected path of movement of theUE 120. In other words, the mobility prediction may be a prediction orestimation of a direction in which the UE 120 is likely to travel, apath along which the UE 120 is likely to travel, a speed and/oracceleration at which the UE 120 is likely to travel, an estimatedmovement pattern for the UE 120, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the mobility prediction may be a determination of aprobability or a likelihood that the UE 120 will encounter one or morebase stations 110 (e.g., one or more of base stations 110 a, 110 b,and/or 110 c). The probability or a likelihood that the UE 120 willencounter the one or more base stations 110 may be a determination ofwhether the UE 120 will move into one or more cells (e.g., one or moreneighboring cells such as cells 1-3 and/or other cells) associated withthe one or more base stations 110. As an example, the mobilityprediction for the UE 120 may indicate a probability or a likelihoodthat the UE 120 will move into cell 1 of base station 110 a, aprobability or a likelihood that the UE 120 will move into cell 2 ofbase station 110 b, a probability or a likelihood that the UE 120 willmove into cell 3 of base station 110 c, and so on. In some aspects, themobility prediction may indicate a probability or a likelihood that theUE 120 will move into a particular cell within a particular time period.In some aspects, the mobility prediction may indicate a confidence levelfor a probability or a likelihood that the UE 120 will move into aparticular cell. In some aspects, the mobility prediction may indicatean expected arrival time in a particular cell. In some aspects, themobility prediction may indicate an expected time duration for which theUE 120 will remain in a particular cell. In some aspects, the mobilityprediction may indicate one or more candidate route identifiers (e.g.,an identifier of a route or a communication path for traffic to and/orfrom the UE 120) for the UE 120. In some aspects, the mobilityprediction may indicate a probability or a likelihood that a routeassociated with a particular candidate route identifier will be used bythe UE 120 at a particular point in time. In some aspects, the mobilityprediction may indicate combinations of the above parameters and/orother parameters of expected, predicted, and/or estimated mobility ofthe UE 120.

The UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction based at least in parton various inputs, various parameters, and/or other types of data. Insome aspects, the UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction based atleast in part on signal measurements, pathloss measurements, distancemeasurements, and/or other types of cell measurements of signals fromnearby cells. For example, the UE 120 may determine that the UE 120 ismoving closer or further away from a cell based at least in part on cellmeasurements associated with signals from the cell.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction basedat least in part on sensor data from one or more sensors (e.g.,sensor(s) 286) of the UE 120. For example, the UE 120 may determine apath of travel of the UE 120 based at least in part on GPS navigationdata, may determine that the UE 120 is accelerating in a particulardirection based at least in part on accelerometer data, may determinethat the UE 120 is facing a particular direction based at least in parton gyroscope data, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction basedat least in part on historical mobility information for the UE 120. Thehistorical mobility information may include information identifyingpreviously traveled paths for the UE 120, previous navigationdestinations of the UE 120, frequency of paths traveled by the UE 120,routes and/or points of interest saved by the UE 120, times of day thatthe UE 120 traveled along a particular path and/or to a particulardestination, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction basedat least in part on a type of travel. For example, the mobilityprediction may be based at least in part on the UE 120 being located ina vehicle, based at least in part on the UE 120 be associated with apedestrian, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the mobility prediction basedat least in part on a combination of the above inputs, parameters,and/or data, and/or other types of inputs, parameters, and/or data. Asan example of the above, the UE 120 may determine the mobilityprediction to include a 0.8 probability that the UE 120 will travel intocell 1 to a work destination, a 0.15 probability that the UE 120 willtravel into cell 2 to a restaurant, and a probability that the UE 120will travel into cell 3 to a home destination based at least in part ona direction of travel of a vehicle associated with the UE 120, based atleast in part on a time of day, and based at least in part on the UE 120historically traveling to the work destination at the time of day.

As further shown in FIG. 4 , and by reference number 404, the UE 120 maydetermine one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedurefor the UE 120. The one or more candidate base stations may include oneor more neighboring base stations of the serving base station (e.g.,base station 110 d) of the UE 120, such as base station 110 a, basestation 110 b, base station 110 c, and/or other neighboring basestations, and/or may include non-neighboring base stations.

In some aspects, the UE 120 determines a plurality of candidate basestations, such as in the case that the handover procedure is aconditional handover procedure (such as the example conditional handoverprocedure described above in connection with FIG. 3 ). In some aspects,the UE 120 determines a single candidate base station, such as in thecase that the handover procedure is a legacy handover procedure, amake-before-break handover procedure, or a DAPS handover procedure.

In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine the one or more candidate basestations based at least in part on the mobility prediction. In someaspects, the UE 120 determines each candidate base station based atleast in part on a respective probability, included in the mobilityprediction, that the UE 120 will encounter the candidate base station.For example, the UE 120 may determine a candidate base station based atleast in part on determining that the probability that the UE 120 willencounter the candidate base station satisfies a probability threshold.

In some aspects, the probability threshold may be based at least in parton a UE capability associated with the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE120 may receive an indication of the probability threshold from theserving base station. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indicationof the UE capability to the serving base station. The serving basestation may determine the probability threshold based at least in parton the UE capability, and may transmit an indication of the probabilitythreshold to the UE 120.

In some aspects, where the handover procedure is a legacy handover, aDAPS handover, or a make-before-break handover, the UE 120 may determinea single candidate base station based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, in addition to one or more signal measurements (e.g., RSRPmeasurements, RSRQ measurements, SINR measurements, radio resourcemanagement (RRM) measurements, and/or other types of signalmeasurements) for the single candidate base station, a cell coverageparameter for the single candidate base station, a cell overlappingparameter for the single candidate base station, and/or based on otherparameters.

As further shown in FIG. 4 , and by reference number 406, the UE 120 maytransmit an indication of the one or more candidate base stations to theserving base station in an uplink communication. The uplinkcommunication may include a UE assistance information(UEAssistanceInformation) communication, an RRC communication repurposedto indicate the one or more candidate base stations, an RRCcommunication specifically configured for indicating candidate basestations and/or other mobility prediction related information, amobility prediction communication (e.g., a ueMobilityPrediction report),and/or another type of uplink communication.

In some aspects, the UE 120 transmits the uplink communication to theserving base station prior to a handover preparation phase (e.g.,handover preparation phase 330) in the handover procedure. In someaspects, the UE 120 transmits the uplink communication to the servingbase station during the handover preparation phase. In these examples,the UE 120 may transmit the uplink communication to the serving basestation prior to receiving an RRC reconfiguration communication (e.g.,as described above in connection with reference number 355 of FIG. 3 )during the handover preparation phase. In some aspects, the UE 120transmits the UE assistance information in a measurement report duringthe handover preparation phase (e.g., as described above in connectionwith reference number 345 of FIG. 3 ).

The UE 120 may include the indication of the one or more candidate basestations in UE assistance information in the uplink communication. Theindication of the one or more candidate base stations may include anexplicit indication of the cell identifiers or base station identifiersassociated with the one or more candidate base stations. The UEassistance information may further include an indication of the mobilityprediction or one or more parameters of the mobility prediction. Forexample, the UE assistance information may further include an indicationof the respective probabilities that the UE 120 will encounter each ofthe one or more candidate base stations, may include an indication ofrespective timings that the UE 120 will travel into the cells of the oneor more candidate base stations, may include an indication of respectivetime durations that the UE 120 will be located in the cells of each ofthe one or more candidate base stations, and/or other parameters.

In some aspects, the UE assistance information includes an indication ofrespective timings for adding each of the one or more candidate basestations to a target base station list associated with the UE. In theseexamples, the serving base station may add the one or more candidatebase stations to the target base station list based at least in part onthe indication, may perform target base station handover preparationbased at least in part on the indication, and/or may perform otheractions based at least in part on the indication.

In aspects where the UE 120 transmits an indication of the mobilityprediction to the serving base station, the UE 120 may autonomouslytransmit the indication of the mobility prediction without input fromthe serving base station or may transmit the indication of the mobilityprediction based at least in part on receiving a request for themobility prediction. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indicationto the serving base station that the mobility prediction for the UE 120is available, the serving base station may receive the indication andmay transmit a request to the UE 120 to transmit the mobility predictionbased at least in part on the indication, and the UE 120 may transmitthe indication of the mobility prediction to the serving base stationbased at least in part on receiving the request. The indication of themobility prediction may be included in the UE assistance information,may be included in the measurement report during the handoverpreparation phase, may be included in another communication, or acombination thereof.

In some aspects, the UE 120 transmits the indication of the one or morecandidate base stations, the indication of the mobility prediction,and/or the measurement report based at least in part on the occurrenceof an event or based at least in part on determining that a condition issatisfied. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the indication of theone or more candidate base stations, the indication of the mobilityprediction, and/or the measurement report based at least in part ondetermining that a probability threshold for the one or more candidatebase stations is satisfied. As indicated above, the probabilitythreshold may be configured by the serving base station and may be basedat least in part on the UE capability of the UE 120.

In some aspects, the serving base station may further configure one ormore time intervals or periodicities for updating the one or morecandidate base stations, the mobility prediction, and/or the measurementreport. The one or more time intervals or periodicities may also bebased at least in part on the UE capability of the UE 120. In theseexamples, the UE 120 may periodically transmit updates to the servingbase station based at least in part on the one or more time intervals orperiodicities to update the one or more candidate base stations, themobility prediction, and/or the measurement report. In some aspects, theUE 120 continues to transmit updates to the one or more candidate basestations, the mobility prediction, and/or the measurement report basedat least in part on the one or more time intervals or periodicitiesprior to and/or until the RRC reconfiguration communication is receivedduring the handover preparation phase of the handover procedure.

In some aspects, the serving base station configures and transmits themeasurement objects for the measurement report, the information elementsfor the measurement report, and/or the particular time interval fortransmitting the measurement report to the UE 120. In some aspects, theserving base station configures and transmits the measurement objectsfor the measurement report, the information elements for the measurementreport, and/or the particular time interval for transmitting themeasurement report based at least in part on the UE assistanceinformation received from the UE 120.

The serving base station may receive the indication of the one or moretarget base stations from the UE 120. In some aspects, the serving basestation further receives the indication of the mobility prediction (orone or more parameters of the mobility prediction) and/or themeasurement report from the UE 120 (e.g., based at least in part on theoccurrence of an event, based at least in part on a condition beingsatisfied, and/or based at least in part on a particular time interval).

As further shown in FIG. 4 , and by reference number 408, the servingbase station may transmit an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure to the UE 120. In some aspects, theserving base station may transmit the indication of the one or moretarget base stations based at least in part on receiving the UEassistance information from the UE 120, based at least in part onreceiving the measurement report from the UE 120 during the handoverpreparation phase of the handover procedure, based at least in part onother factors, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, the serving base station transmits the indication ofthe one or more target base stations to the UE 120 in the RRCreconfiguration communication during the handover preparation phase ofthe handover procedure (e.g., as described above in connection withreference number 355 of FIG. 3 ). The serving base station may transmitthe RRC reconfiguration communication after communicating with the oneor more target base stations in preparation for a handover of the UE 120(e.g., as described above in connection with reference number 350 ofFIG. 3 ).

In some aspects, the serving base station may determine the one or moretarget base stations based at least in part on the indication of the oneor more candidate base stations, based at least in part on theindication of the mobility prediction, based at least in part on themeasurement report, based at least in part on other information, or acombination thereof.

In some aspects, the one or more target base stations are among the oneor more candidate base stations indicated by the UE 120 in the UEassistance information. In some aspects, at least a subset of the one ormore target base stations are different from the one or more candidatebase stations indicated by the UE 120.

In some aspects, the one or more target base stations include a singletarget base station. In these examples, if a handover condition issatisfied for the target base station, and the UE 120 determines thatthe probability that the UE 120 will encounter the target base stationis less than a probability that the UE 120 will encounter anothercandidate base station indicated by the UE 120, the UE 120 may refrainfrom performing the handover procedure with the target base station(e.g., may refrain from completing the handover execution phase 335 ofthe handover procedure, as described above in connection with FIG. 3 ).In some aspects, if a handover condition is satisfied for the targetbase station, and the UE 120 determines that the probability that the UE120 will encounter the target base station satisfies a probabilitythreshold and/or is a highest probability among the one or morecandidate base stations, the UE 120 may complete the handover executionphase with the target base station. In some aspects, the UE 120 performsthe handover procedure with the target base station regardless ofwhether the probability that the UE 120 will encounter the target basestation satisfies a probability threshold and/or is a highestprobability among the one or more candidate base stations.

In some aspects, the one or more target base stations include aplurality of target base stations. In these examples, the UE 120 mayidentify a target base station among the plurality of target basestations based at least in part on the probability that the UE willencounter the target base station. For example, the UE 120 may identifya target base station among the plurality of target base stations basedat least in part on determining that the probability that the UE willencounter the target base station satisfies a probability threshold. Asanother example, the UE 120 may identify a target base station among theplurality of target base stations based at least in part on determiningthat the probability that the UE will encounter the target base stationis a highest probability among the plurality of target base stations.

In some aspects, the UE 120 determines one or more parameters for thehandover procedure based at least in part on the probability associatedwith the identified target base station. The one or more parameters mayinclude a RACH preamble, a RACH occasion, a beam, a time-domain resourceand/or a frequency-domain resource in which the UE 120 is to initiate arandom access procedure with the target base station, and/or otherparameters.

As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 4 .

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with handoveroptimization based at least in part on a UE mobility prediction, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 5 , example 500 includes a UE 120 and one or more base stations 110(e.g., base station 110 a, base station 110 b, base station 110 c, basestation 110 d, and/or the like). In some aspects, the base stations 110and the UE 120 may be included in a wireless network, such as wirelessnetwork 100. The base stations 110 and the UE 120 may communicate on awireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink.

The base stations 110 may each provide a cell in which wirelesscommunication devices (e.g., UEs) may be served with access to thewireless network. For example, the base station 110 a may provide cell1, the base station 110 b may provide cell 2, the base station 110 c mayprovide cell 3, the base station 110 d may provide cell 4, and so on.Cells 1-3 may be neighboring cells or cells that are not serving the UE120. Cell 4 may be a serving cell of the UE 120, in which case the basestation 110 d is the serving base station of the UE 120.

As shown in FIG. 5 , and by reference number 502, the UE 120 maydetermine a mobility prediction for the UE 120. The mobility predictionmay be a prediction or estimation of an expected path of movement of theUE 120. In some aspects, the mobility prediction may be a determinationof a probability or a likelihood that the UE 120 will encounter one ormore base stations 110 (e.g., one or more of base stations 110 a, 110 b,and/or 110 c). In some aspects, the UE 120 determines the mobilityprediction for the UE 120 using one or more techniques described abovein connection with FIG. 4 .

As further shown in FIG. 5 , and by reference number 504, the UE 120 maytransmit an indication of the mobility prediction (or one or moreparameters included therein) to the serving base station (e.g., to thebase station 110 d). In these examples, the UE 120 transmits theindication of the mobility prediction (or one or more parametersincluded therein) to the serving base station without providing anindication of one or more candidate base stations for a handoverprocedure for the UE 120.

The UE 120 may transmit the indication of the mobility prediction (orone or more parameters included therein) to the serving base station inan uplink communication. The uplink communication may include a UEassistance information (UEAssistanceInformation) communication, an RRCcommunication, a mobility prediction communication (e.g., aueMobilityPrediction report), and/or another type of uplinkcommunication.

In some aspects, the UE 120 transmits the uplink communication to theserving base station prior to a handover preparation phase (e.g.,handover preparation phase 330) in the handover procedure. In someaspects, the UE 120 transmits the uplink communication to the servingbase station during the handover preparation phase. In these examples,the UE 120 may transmit the uplink communication to the serving basestation prior to receiving an RRC reconfiguration communication (e.g.,as described above in connection with reference number 355 of FIG. 3 )during the handover preparation phase. In some aspects, the UE 120transmits the UE assistance information in a measurement report duringthe handover preparation phase (e.g., as described above in connectionwith reference number 345 of FIG. 3 ).

The UE 120 may include the indication of the mobility prediction (or oneor more parameters included therein) in UE assistance information in theuplink communication. The indication of the mobility prediction (or oneor more parameters included therein) may include an indication of therespective probabilities that the UE 120 will encounter each of one ormore candidate base stations, may include an indication of respectivetimings that the UE 120 will travel into the cells of the one or morecandidate base stations, may include an indication of respective timedurations that the UE 120 will be located in the cells of each of theone or more candidate base stations, and/or other parameters.

In some aspects, the UE assistance information includes an indication ofrespective timings for adding each of the one or more candidate basestations to a target base station list associated with the UE. In theseexamples, the serving base station may add the one or more candidatebase stations to the target base station list based at least in part onthe indication, may perform target base station handover preparationbased at least in part on the indication, and/or may perform otheractions based at least in part on the indication.

In some aspects, the UE 120 further transmits a measurement report tothe serving base station, as described above in connection withreference number 345 of FIG. 3 . The measurement report may include oneor more signal measurements associated with the one or more candidatebase stations, such as RSRP measurements, RSRQ measurements, SINRmeasurements, RRM measurements, and/or other types of signalmeasurements. In some aspects, the UE 120 transmits the indication ofthe mobility prediction (or one or more parameters included therein)and/or the measurement report based at least in part on the occurrenceof an event or based at least in part on determining that a condition issatisfied. For example, the UE 120 may transmit the indication of themobility prediction (or one or more parameters included therein) and/orthe measurement report based at least in part on determining that aprobability threshold for the one or more candidate base stations issatisfied. As indicated above, the probability threshold may beconfigured by the serving base station and may be based at least in parton the UE capability of the UE 120.

In some aspects, the serving base station may further configure one ormore time intervals or periodicities for updating the mobilityprediction (or one or more parameters included therein) and/or themeasurement report. The one or more time intervals or periodicities mayalso be based at least in part on the UE capability of the UE 120. Inthese examples, the UE 120 may periodically transmit updates to theserving base station based at least in part on the one or more timeintervals or periodicities to update the mobility prediction (or one ormore parameters included therein) and/or the measurement report. In someaspects, the UE 120 continues to transmit updates to the mobilityprediction (or one or more parameters included therein) and/or themeasurement report based at least in part on the one or more timeintervals or periodicities prior to and/or until the RRC reconfigurationcommunication is received during the handover preparation phase of thehandover procedure.

As further shown in FIG. 5 , and by reference number 506, the servingbase station may receive the indication of the mobility prediction (orone or more parameters included therein) and/or the measurement reportfrom the UE 120, and may determine one or more target base stations forthe handover procedure for the UE 120 based at least in part on therespective probabilities for the one or more candidate base stations,the respective timings for the one or more candidate base stations,and/or the measurement report.

In some aspects, the one or more target base stations are among the oneor more candidate base stations associated with the mobility prediction(or the one or more parameters included therein) and/or the measurementreport. In some aspects, at least a subset of the one or more targetbase stations are different from the one or more candidate basestations.

In some aspects, the serving base station dynamically determines one ormore parameters for the handover procedure based at least in part on therespective probabilities associated with the one or more candidate basestations and/or the identified target base station. The one or moreparameters may include a RACH preamble, a RACH occasion, a beam, atime-domain resource and/or a frequency-domain resource in which the UE120 is to initiate a random access procedure with the target basestation, and/or other parameters. In some aspects, the one or moreparameters may be further based at least in part on the measurementreport, the outcomes or success rate of previous handover procedures forthe UE 120, and/or other factors.

As further shown in FIG. 5 , and by reference number 508, the servingbase station may transmit an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure to the UE 120. In some aspects, theserving base station may transmit the indication of the one or moretarget base stations based at least in part on receiving the UEassistance information from the UE 120, based at least in part onreceiving the measurement report from the UE 120 during the handoverpreparation phase of the handover procedure, based at least in part onother factors, or a combination thereof.

In some aspects, the serving base station transmits the indication ofthe one or more target base stations to the UE 120 in the RRCreconfiguration communication during the handover preparation phase ofthe handover procedure (e.g., as described above in connection withreference number 355 of FIG. 3 ). The serving base station may transmitthe RRC reconfiguration communication after communicating with the oneor more target base stations in preparation for a handover of the UE 120(e.g., as described above in connection with reference number 350 ofFIG. 3 ).

The serving base station may further transmit an indication of the oneor more parameters for the handover to the UE 120. In some aspects, theserving base station transmits an indication of a mapping function forthe one or more parameters, such that the UE 120 is enabled to determinethe one or more parameters based at least in part on the mappingfunction and the respective probabilities for each of the one or morecandidate base stations.

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with respect to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, forexample, by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. Example process 600 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE120, UE 305) performs operations associated with handover optimizationbased on a UE mobility prediction.

As shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may includedetermining one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedurefor the UE (block 610). For example, the UE (e.g., using determinationcomponent 1008, depicted in FIG. 10 ) may determine one or morecandidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE, asdescribed above.

As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may includetransmitting, in An RRC communication, an indication of the one or morecandidate base stations to a serving base station (block 620). Forexample, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1004, depicted inFIG. 10 ) may transmit, in An RRC communication, an indication of theone or more candidate base stations to a serving base station, asdescribed above.

Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, determining the one or more candidate base stationscomprises determining the one or more candidate base stations based atleast in part on a mobility prediction for the UE. In a second aspect,alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication of the oneor more candidate base stations comprises an indication of a respectivebase station identifier for each of the one or more candidate basestations, and the RRC communication further comprises at least one of anindication of a respective probability, based at least in part on themobility prediction, that the UE will encounter each of the one or morecandidate base stations, or an indication of a respective timing, basedat least in part on the mobility prediction, for adding each of the oneor more candidate base stations to a target base station list associatedwith the UE.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, transmitting the indication of the one or morecandidate base stations to the serving base station comprisestransmitting the indication of the one or more candidate base stationsto the serving base station based at least in part on determining thatrespective probabilities, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, that the UE will encounter each of the one or more candidatebase stations satisfy a probability threshold. In a fourth aspect, aloneor in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects,process 600 includes transmitting (e.g., using transmission component1004, depicted in FIG. 10 ), to the serving base station, an indicationof a UE capability associated with the UE, and receiving (e.g., usingreception component 1002, depicted in FIG. 10 ), based at least in parton the UE capability, an indication of the probability threshold fromthe serving base station.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, process 600 includes transmitting (e.g., usingtransmission component 1004, depicted in FIG. 10 ), to the serving basestation, an indication that the mobility prediction for the UE isavailable (e.g., using reception component 1002, depicted in FIG. 10 )from the serving base station, and based at least in part ontransmitting the indication that the mobility prediction for the UE isavailable, an indication to transmit the mobility prediction for the UEto the serving base station, and transmitting (e.g., using transmissioncomponent 1004, depicted in FIG. 10 ), to the serving base station andbased at least in part on receiving the indication to transmit themobility prediction for the UE, an indication of the mobility predictionfor the UE.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fifth aspects, the indication of the mobility prediction for theUE is included in the RRC communication or a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations. In a seventhaspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first throughsixth aspects, process 600 includes updating (e.g., using updatingcomponent 1010, depicted in FIG. 10 ) the indication of the mobilityprediction for the UE based at least in part on a particular timeinterval indicated by the serving base station. In an eighth aspect,alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventhaspects, determining the one or more candidate base stations for thehandover procedure for the UE comprises determining a single candidatebase station based at least in part on at least one of one or moresignal measurements for the single candidate base station, or a cellcoverage parameter for the single candidate base station with anindication of the UE mobility prediction.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough eighth aspects, process 600 includes receiving (e.g., usingreception component 1002, depicted in FIG. 10 ), from the serving basestation, an indication of a plurality of target base stations for thehandover procedure for the UE, wherein the plurality of target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations, andidentifying (e.g., using identification component 1012, depicted in FIG.10 ) a target base station of the plurality of target base stationsbased at least in part on a probability that the UE will encounter thetarget base station. In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with oneor more of the first through ninth aspects, receiving the indication ofthe plurality of target base stations comprises receiving the indicationof the plurality of target base stations based at least in part onrespective probabilities that the UE will encounter each of theplurality of target base stations satisfying a probability threshold.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through tenth aspects, process 600 includes determining (e.g.,using determination component 1008, depicted in FIG. 10 ) one or moreparameters for the handover procedure for the UE based at least in parton the probability. In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination withone or more of the first through eleventh aspects, process 600 includesreceiving (e.g., using reception component 1002, depicted in FIG. 10 ),from the serving base station, an indication of a target base stationfor the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the target base stationis included among the one or more candidate base stations, determining(e.g., using determination component 1008, depicted in FIG. 10 ) that afirst probability that the UE will encounter the target base station isless than a second probability that the UE will encounter anothercandidate base station of the one or more candidate base stations, andrefraining from performing the handover procedure with the target basestation based at least in part on determining that the first probabilityis less than the second probability.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through twelfth aspects, the handover procedure for the UEcomprises a conditional handover procedure, a legacy handover procedure,or a DAPS handover procedure. In a fourteenth aspect, alone or incombination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects,the RRC communication includes at least one of a UEAssistanceInformationcommunication or a mobility prediction communication. In a fifteenthaspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first throughfourteenth aspects, process 600 includes transmitting (e.g., usingtransmission component 1004, depicted in FIG. 10 ), to the serving basestation, a measurement report associated with the one or more candidatebase stations, and receiving (e.g., using reception component 1002,depicted in FIG. 10 ), from the serving base station, an indication ofone or more target base stations for the handover procedure for the UE,wherein the one or more target base stations are based at least in parton at least one of the indication of the one or more candidate basestations, or the measurement report.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through fifteenth aspects, transmitting the measurement reportcomprises transmitting the measurement report based at least in part ona particular time interval indicated by the serving base station. In aseventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through sixteenth aspects, transmitting the indication of the oneor more candidate base stations to the serving base station comprisesupdating, at a particular time interval, the indication of the one ormore candidate base stations prior to reception of an RRCreconfiguration communication.

Although FIG. 6 shows example blocks of process 600, in some aspects,process 600 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 6 .Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 600may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, forexample, by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the presentdisclosure. Example process 700 is an example where the UE (e.g., UE120, UE 305) performs operations associated with handover optimizationbased on a UE mobility prediction.

As shown in FIG. 7 , in some aspects, process 700 may includetransmitting, to a serving base station, a communication that includesan indication of respective probabilities, based at least in part on amobility prediction for the UE, that the UE will encounter each of oneor more candidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE, anindication of respective timings, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, for adding each of the one or more candidate base stationsto a target base station list associated with the UE, and a measurementreport associated with the one or more candidate base stations (block710). For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1104,depicted in FIG. 11 ) may transmit, to a serving base station, acommunication that includes an indication of respective probabilities,based at least in part on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UEwill encounter each of one or more candidate base stations for ahandover procedure for the UE, an indication of respective timings,based at least in part on the mobility prediction, for adding each ofthe one or more candidate base stations to a target base station listassociated with the UE, and a measurement report associated with the oneor more candidate base stations, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 7 , in some aspects, process 700 may includereceiving, from the serving base station and based at least in part ontransmitting the communication, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations (block 720). For example, the UE (e.g., using receptioncomponent 1102, depicted in FIG. 11 ) may receive, from the serving basestation and based at least in part on transmitting the communication, anindication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the UE, as described above. In some aspects, the one ormore target base stations are included among the one or more candidatebase stations.

Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, process 700 includes receiving (e.g., using receptioncomponent 1102, depicted in FIG. 11 ), from the serving base station, anindication of one or more handover parameters, for the handoverprocedure for the UE, that are based at least in part on at least one ofthe respective probabilities, the respective timings, the measurementreport, or an outcome of a previous handover procedure for the UE. In asecond aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,transmitting the communication comprises transmitting the communicationbased at least in part on a time interval, indicated by the serving basestation, for a measurement report.

Although FIG. 7 shows example blocks of process 700, in some aspects,process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 7 .Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 700may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, forexample, by a base station, in accordance with various aspects of thepresent disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the basestation (e.g., base station 110, serving base station 310) performsoperations associated with handover optimization based on a UE mobilityprediction.

As shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving,from a UE, An RRC communication indicating one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE (block 810). For example,the base station (e.g., using reception component 1202, depicted in FIG.12 ) may receive, from a UE, An RRC communication indicating one or morecandidate base stations for a handover procedure for the UE, asdescribed above.

As further shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may includetransmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more target basestations for the handover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or moretarget base stations are included among the one or more candidate basestations (block 820). For example, the base station (e.g., usingtransmission component 1204, depicted in FIG. 12 ) may transmit, to theUE, an indication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the UE, as described above. In some aspects, the one ormore target base stations are included among the one or more candidatebase stations.

Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, the one or more candidate base stations are based atleast in part on a mobility prediction for the UE. In a second aspect,alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 800 includesreceiving (e.g., using reception component 1202, depicted in FIG. 12 ),from the UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with the UE,and transmitting (e.g., using transmission component 1204, depicted inFIG. 12 ), based at least in part on the UE capability, an indication ofa probability threshold, wherein receiving the RRC communicationcomprises receiving the RRC communication based at least in part onrespective probabilities, that the UE will encounter each of the one ormore candidate base stations, satisfying the probability threshold.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstand second aspects, process 800 includes receiving (e.g., usingreception component 1202, depicted in FIG. 12 ), from the UE, ameasurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations, and determining (e.g., using determination component 1208,depicted in FIG. 12 ) the one or more target base stations based atleast in part on at least one of the indication of the one or morecandidate base stations, or the measurement report.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst through third aspects, process 800 includes transmitting (e.g.,using transmission component 1204, depicted in FIG. 12 ), to the UE, anindication of a particular time interval for transmitting themeasurement report, and receiving the measurement report comprisesreceiving the measurement report based at least in part on theparticular time interval.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstthrough fourth aspects, process 800 includes receiving (e.g., usingreception component 1202, depicted in FIG. 12 ), from the UE, anindication that the mobility prediction for the UE is available,transmitting (e.g., using transmission component 1204, depicted in FIG.12 ), to the UE and based at least in part on receiving the indicationthat the mobility prediction for the UE is available, an indication totransmit the mobility prediction for the UE to the serving base station,and receiving (e.g., using reception component 1202, depicted in FIG. 12), from the UE and based at least in part on receiving the indication totransmit the mobility prediction for the UE, an indication of themobility prediction for the UE.

Although FIG. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects,process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 8 .Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, forexample, by a base station, in accordance with various aspects of thepresent disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the basestation (e.g., base station 110) performs operations associated withhandover optimization based on a UE mobility prediction.

As shown in FIG. 9 , in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving,from a UE, a communication that includes an indication of respectiveprobabilities, based at least in part on a mobility prediction for theUE, that the UE will encounter each of one or more candidate basestations for a handover procedure for the UE, an indication ofrespective timings, based at least in part on the mobility prediction,for adding each of the one or more candidate base stations to a targetbase station list associated with the UE, and a measurement reportassociated with the one or more candidate base stations (block 910). Forexample, the base station (e.g., using reception component 1302,depicted in FIG. 13 ) may receive, from a UE, a communication thatincludes an indication of respective probabilities, based at least inpart on a mobility prediction for the UE, that the UE will encountereach of one or more candidate base stations for a handover procedure forthe UE, an indication of respective timings, based at least in part onthe mobility prediction, for adding each of the one or more candidatebase stations to a target base station list associated with the UE, anda measurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations, as described above.

As further shown in FIG. 9 , in some aspects, process 900 may includetransmitting, to the UE and based at least in part on receiving thecommunication, an indication of one or more target base stations for thehandover procedure for the UE, wherein the one or more target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations(block 920). For example, the base station (e.g., using transmissioncomponent 1304, depicted in FIG. 13 ) may transmit, to the UE and basedat least in part on receiving the communication, an indication of one ormore target base stations for the handover procedure for the UE, asdescribed above. In some aspects, the one or more target base stationsare included among the one or more candidate base stations.

Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect orany combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with oneor more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, process 900 includes determining (e.g., usingdetermination component 1308, depicted in FIG. 13 ) one or more handoverparameters, for the handover procedure for the UE, that are based atleast in part on at least one of the respective probabilities, therespective timings, the measurement report, or an outcome of a previoushandover procedure for the UE, and transmitting an indication of the oneor more handover parameters to the UE. In a second aspect, alone or incombination with the first aspect, receiving the communication comprisesreceiving the communication based at least in part on a time intervalfor a measurement report.

Although FIG. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects,process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 9 .Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1000 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 1000 may be a UE, or a UE may include theapparatus 1000. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 includes a receptioncomponent 1002 and a transmission component 1004, which may be incommunication with one another (for example, via one or more busesand/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus 1000 maycommunicate with another apparatus 1006 (such as a UE, a base station,or another wireless communication device) using the reception component1002 and the transmission component 1004. As further shown, theapparatus 1000 may include one or more of a determination component1008, a updating component 1010, or an identification component 1012,among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5 .Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1000 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 600 ofFIG. 6 . In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 10 may include one or more components of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 10 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1002 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1006. The reception component1002 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1006. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 1004 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1006. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1006 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1004 for transmission to the apparatus 1006. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1004 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1006. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may be collocatedwith the reception component 1002 in a transceiver.

The determination component 1008 may determine one or more candidatebase stations for a handover procedure for the apparatus 1000. In someaspects, the determination component 1008 may include one or moreantennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, amodulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 . The transmission component1004 may transmit, in an RRC communication, an indication of the one ormore candidate base stations to the apparatus 1006.

The transmission component 1004 may transmit, to the apparatus 1006, anindication of a UE capability associated with the apparatus 1000. Thereception component 1002 may receive, based at least in part on the UEcapability, an indication of the probability threshold from theapparatus 1006. The transmission component 1004 may transmit, to theapparatus 1006, an indication that the mobility prediction for theapparatus 1000 is available. The reception component 1002 may receive,from the apparatus 1006 and based at least in part on transmitting theindication that the mobility prediction for the apparatus 1000 isavailable, an indication to transmit the mobility prediction for theapparatus 1000 to the apparatus 1006. The transmission component 1004may transmit, to the apparatus 1006 and based at least in part onreceiving the indication to transmit the mobility prediction for theapparatus 1000, an indication of the mobility prediction for theapparatus 1000.

The updating component 1010 may update the indication of the mobilityprediction for the apparatus 1000 based at least in part on a particulartime interval indicated by the apparatus 1006. In some aspects, theupdating component 1010 may include one or more antennas, a demodulator,a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with FIG. 2. The reception component 1002 may receive, from the apparatus 1006, anindication of a plurality of target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the apparatus 1000 wherein the plurality of target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations.

The identification component 1012 may identify a target base station ofthe plurality of target base stations based at least in part on aprobability that the apparatus 1000 will encounter the target basestation. In some aspects, the identification component 1012 may includeone or more antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receiveprocessor, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor,a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 . The determination component1008 may determine one or more parameters for the handover procedure forthe apparatus 1000 based at least in part on the probability. Thereception component 1002 may receive, from the apparatus 1006, anindication of a target base station for the handover procedure for theapparatus 1000, wherein the target base station is included among theone or more candidate base stations.

The determination component 1008 may determine that a first probabilitythat the apparatus 1000 will encounter the target base station is lessthan a second probability that the apparatus 1000 will encounter anothercandidate base station of the one or more candidate base stations. Theapparatus 1000 may refrain from performing the handover procedure withthe target base station based at least in part on the determination ofthe determination component 1008 that the first probability is less thanthe second probability. The transmission component 1004 may transmit, tothe apparatus 1006, a measurement report associated with the one or morecandidate base stations. The reception component 1002 may receive, fromthe apparatus 1006, an indication of one or more target base stationsfor the handover procedure for the apparatus 1000, wherein the one ormore target base stations are based at least in part on at least one of:the indication of the one or more candidate base stations, or themeasurement report.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 10 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 10 . Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 10 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 10 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 10 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 10 .

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include theapparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a receptioncomponent 1102 and a transmission component 1104, which may be incommunication with one another (for example, via one or more busesand/or one or more other components). As shown, the apparatus 1100 maycommunicate with another apparatus 1106 (such as a UE, a base station,or another wireless communication device) using the reception component1102 and the transmission component 1104.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5 .Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 700 ofFIG. 7 . In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 11 may include one or more components of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 11 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1106. The reception component1102 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1106. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1106 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1106. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be collocatedwith the reception component 1102 in a transceiver.

The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to the apparatus 1106, acommunication that includes an indication of respective probabilities,based at least in part on a mobility prediction for the apparatus 1100,that the apparatus 1100 will encounter each of one or more candidatebase stations for a handover procedure for the apparatus 1100, anindication of respective timings, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, for adding each of the one or more candidate base stationsto a target base station list associated with the apparatus 1100, and ameasurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations. The reception component 1102 may receive, from the apparatus1106 and based at least in part on transmitting the communication, anindication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the apparatus 1100, wherein the one or more target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations.

The reception component 1102 may receive, from the apparatus 1106, anindication of one or more handover parameters, for the handoverprocedure for the apparatus 1100, that are based at least in part on atleast one of the respective probabilities, the respective timings, themeasurement report, or an outcome of a previous handover procedure forthe apparatus 1100.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 11 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 11 . Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 11 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 11 .

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 1200 may be a base station, or a basestation may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus1200 includes a reception component 1202 and a transmission component1204, which may be in communication with one another (for example, viaone or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, theapparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1206 (such as aUE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using thereception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204. As furthershown, the apparatus 1200 may include a determination component 1208.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5 .Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 800 ofFIG. 8 . In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 12 may include one or more components of thebase station described above in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally,or alternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 12 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1206. The reception component1202 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1206. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the basestation described above in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1206 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1206. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the base station described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may becollocated with the reception component 1202 in a transceiver.

The reception component 1202 may receive, from the apparatus 1206, UEassistance information indicating one or more candidate base stationsfor a handover procedure for the apparatus 1206. The transmissioncomponent 1204 may transmit, to the apparatus 1206, an indication of oneor more target base stations for the handover procedure for theapparatus 1206, wherein the one or more target base stations areincluded among the one or more candidate base stations.

The reception component 1202 may receive, from the apparatus 1206, anindication of a UE capability associated with the apparatus 1206. Thetransmission component 1204 may transmit, based at least in part on theUE capability, an indication of a probability threshold. The receptioncomponent 1202 may receive, from the apparatus 1206, a measurementreport associated with the one or more candidate base stations. Thedetermination component 1208 may determine the one or more target basestations based at least in part on at least one of the indication of theone or more candidate base stations, or the measurement report. In someaspects, the determination component 1208 may include one or moreantennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, amodulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the basestation described above in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 1204 may transmit, to the apparatus 1206, anindication of a particular time interval for transmitting themeasurement report. The reception component 1202 may receive, from theapparatus 1206, an indication that the mobility prediction for theapparatus 1206 is available. The transmission component 1204 maytransmit, to the apparatus 1206, and based at least in part on receivingthe indication that the mobility prediction for the apparatus 1206 isavailable, an indication to transmit the mobility prediction for the UEto the serving base station. The reception component 1202 may receive,from the apparatus 1206, and based at least in part on receiving theindication to transmit the mobility prediction for the UE apparatus1206, an indication of the mobility prediction for the apparatus 1206.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 12 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 12 . Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 12 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 12 .

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus 1300 may be a base station, or a basestation may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus1300 includes a reception component 1302 and a transmission component1304, which may be in communication with one another (for example, viaone or more buses and/or one or more other components). As shown, theapparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1306 (such as aUE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using thereception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304. As furthershown, the apparatus 1300 may include a determination component 1308.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5 .Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 ofFIG. 9 . In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 13 may include one or more components of thebase station described above in connection with FIG. 2 . Additionally,or alternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 13 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1306. The reception component1302 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1306. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the basestation described above in connection with FIG. 2 .

The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1306 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the base station described above in connectionwith FIG. 2 . In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may becollocated with the reception component 1302 in a transceiver.

The reception component 1302 may receive, from the apparatus 1306, acommunication that includes an indication of respective probabilities,based at least in part on a mobility prediction for the apparatus 1306,that the apparatus 1306 will encounter each of one or more candidatebase stations for a handover procedure for the apparatus 1306, anindication of respective timings, based at least in part on the mobilityprediction, for adding each of the one or more candidate base stationsto a target base station list associated with the apparatus 1306, and ameasurement report associated with the one or more candidate basestations. The transmission component 1304 may transmit, to the apparatus1306 and based at least in part on receiving the communication, anindication of one or more target base stations for the handoverprocedure for the apparatus 1306, wherein the one or more target basestations are included among the one or more candidate base stations.

The determination component 1308 may determine one or more handoverparameters, for the handover procedure for the apparatus 1306, that arebased at least in part on at least one of the respective probabilities,the respective timings, the measurement report, or an outcome of aprevious handover procedure for the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, thedetermination component 1308 may include one or more antennas, ademodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a modulator, atransmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, amemory, or a combination thereof, of the base station described above inconnection with FIG. 2 . The transmission component 1304 may transmit anindication of the one or more handover parameters to the apparatus 1306.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 13 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 13 . Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 13 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 13 .

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseform disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of theabove disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construedas hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Asused herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or acombination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systemsand/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms ofhardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Theactual specialized control hardware or software code used to implementthese systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were describedherein without reference to specific software code—it being understoodthat software and hardware can be designed to implement the systemsand/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context,refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equalto the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to thethreshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, and/orthe like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many ofthese features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependentclaim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosureof various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination withevery other claim in the claim set. A phrase referring to “at least oneof” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, includingsingle members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intendedto cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combinationwith multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c,a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering ofa, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, asused herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more itemsreferenced in connection with the article “the” and may be usedinterchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, theterms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g.,related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelateditems, and/or the like), and may be used interchangeably with “one ormore.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similarlanguage is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” and/or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further,the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on”unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or”is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be usedinterchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g.,if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

1. (canceled)
 2. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories comprising instructions; and one or more processorsconfigured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to:perform one or more measurements associated with one or more cells ofone or more network nodes, wherein the one or more measurements areperformed based at least on in part on a mobility prediction, whereinthe mobility prediction is associated with a path along which theapparatus will likely travel, and wherein the mobility prediction isbased at least in part on at least one of: navigation data associatedwith the apparatus, or an expected time duration for which the apparatuswill likely travel in a particular cell of the one or more cells; andoutput, for transmission, an indication of a measurement reportassociated with the one or more measurements.
 3. The apparatus of claim2, wherein the one or more measurements include a radio resourcemanagement (RRM) measurement.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein theone or more processors are further configured to execute theinstructions and cause the apparatus to: obtain the navigation data,wherein the mobility prediction is based at least in part on thenavigation data.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the navigationdata is global positioning system (GPS) navigation data.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 4, wherein the navigation data comprises one or moreprevious navigation destinations associated with the apparatus.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 2, the mobility prediction is based at least in parton the expected time duration.
 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein themobility prediction is further based at least on a likelihood that theapparatus will travel in the particular cell.
 9. The apparatus of claim8, wherein mobility prediction is further based at least in part on aconfidence level for the likelihood the apparatus will travel in theparticular cell.
 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication isoutputted for transmission to a serving node different from the one ormore network nodes.
 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one ormore network nodes are neighbored to the apparatus.
 12. A method ofwireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE), comprising:performing one or more measurements associated with one or more cells ofone or more network nodes, wherein the one or more measurements areperformed based at least on in part on a mobility prediction, whereinthe mobility prediction is associated with a path along which the UEwill likely travel and further wherein the mobility prediction is basedon at least one of: navigational data associated with the UE, or anexpected time duration for which the UE will likely travel in aparticular cell of the one or more cells; and output, for transmission,an indication of a measurement report associated with the one or moremeasurements.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or moremeasurements include a radio resource management (RRM) measurement. 14.The method of claim 12, further comprising: obtaining the navigationdata, wherein the mobility prediction is based at least in part on thenavigation data.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the navigation datais global positioning system (GPS) navigation data.
 16. The method ofclaim 14, wherein the navigation data comprises one or more previousnavigation destinations associated with the UE.
 17. The method of claim12, the mobility prediction is based at least in part on the expectedtime duration.
 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the mobilityprediction is further based at least on a likelihood that the UE willtravel in the particular cell.
 19. The method of claim 18, whereinmobility prediction is further based at least in part on a confidencelevel for the likelihood the UE will travel in the particular cell. 20.The method of claim 12, wherein the indication is outputted fortransmission to a serving node different from the one or more networknodes.
 21. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more transceivers;one or more memories comprising instructions; one or more processorsconfigured to execute the instructions and cause the UE to: perform oneor more measurements associated with one or more cells of one or morenetwork nodes, wherein the one or more measurements are performed basedat least on in part on a mobility prediction, wherein the mobilityprediction is associated with a path along which the UE will likelytravel, and wherein the mobility prediction is based at least in part onat least one of: navigation data associated with the UE, or an expectedtime duration for which the UE will likely travel in a particular cellof the one or more cells; and one or more transceivers configured to:transmit, via one or more transceivers, an indication of a measurementreport associated with the one or more measurements.